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		<title>Le nationalisme catalan dans une Espagne en crise : du fédéralisme asymétrique à l’indépendantisme ?</title>
		<link>http://ideefederale.ca/wp/?p=2290</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 29 Mar 2013 14:08:22 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Nouvelles]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Dans une Espagne meurtrie par les effets durables de la crise économique depuis 2008, le nationalisme catalan semble trouver un nouveau souffle.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-2291" title="Catalogne" src="http://ideefederale.ca/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Catalogne-150x150.png" alt="" width="150" height="150" /><strong>Mathieu Petithomme et<br />
Alicia Fernández Garcia</strong></p>
<p>Mars 2013</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Dans une Espagne meurtrie par les effets durables de la crise économique depuis 2008, le nationalisme catalan semble trouver un nouveau souffle. Cette fièvre nationaliste retrouvée a été rendue manifeste lors de la grande mobilisation populaire de la <em>Diada Nacional</em> (la « fête nationale » catalane) du 11 septembre 2012, qui a réuni plus d’un million de personnes dans les rues de Barcelone autour de slogans indépendantistes. Depuis la transition démocratique suite à la mort de Franco le 20 novembre 1975, le nationalisme catalan a utilisé à son profit l’autonomie institutionnelle et les marges de manœuvre politiques conférées par la Constitution de 1978 et le nouvel État des autonomies (<em>Estado de las autonomias</em>). Celui-ci a en effet permis à l’Espagne d’évoluer d’une structure territoriale d’un État unitaire gouverné au nom de l’idéologie « nationale-catholique » marquée par la défense de la religion catholique et du nationalisme espagnol, vers une structure quasi-fédérale ou le Sénat représente la diversité des territoires espagnols et ou chaque région est devenue une « communauté autonome » pouvant accéder à un degré plus ou moins important d’autonomie en matière d’éducation, de santé et de police par exemple.</p>
<p><a href="http://ideefederale.ca/documents/Catalogne.pdf" target="_blank">Lien vers l&#8217;article</a></p>
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		<title>Catalonian nationalism in Spain’s time of crisis: From asymmetrical federalism to independence?</title>
		<link>http://ideefederale.ca/wp/?p=2293</link>
		<comments>http://ideefederale.ca/wp/?p=2293#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 29 Mar 2013 14:07:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>administrateur</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ang_nouvelles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ang_publications]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[In a Spain devastated by an ongoing economic crisis since 2008, Catalonian nationalism seems to have found a new life.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-2291" title="Catalogne" src="http://ideefederale.ca/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Catalogne-150x150.png" alt="" width="150" height="150" /><strong>Mathieu Petithomme and<br />
Alicia Fernández Garcia</strong></p>
<p>March 2013</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In a Spain devastated by an ongoing economic crisis since 2008, Catalonian nationalism seems to have found a new life. A renewed nationalist fervour was evident at the great popular mobilization of the <em>Diada Nacional</em> (Catalonia’s national holiday) on September 11, 2012, which brought more than a million people into the streets of Barcelona marching under independence slogans. Since the democratic transition that followed the death of Franco on November 20, 1975, Catalonian nationalism has taken advantage of the institutional autonomy and the political room of maneuver conferred by the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and the new State of Autonomies (<em>Estado de las autonomias</em>). These have in fact allowed Spain to evolve from the territorial structure of a unitary State governed in the name of the ideology of “National Catholicism”, distinguished by the defence of the Catholic religion and Spanish nationalism, towards a quasi-federal structure where the Senate represents the diversity of Spanish territories and where each region has become an “autonomous community” that can assume a greater or lesser degree of autonomy; in education, health, and law enforcement, for example.</p>
<p><a href="http://ideefederale.ca/documents/Catalonia.pdf" target="_blank">Link to the article</a></p>
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		<title>Chefferie du PLQ &#8211; Aucun candidat ne veut rapatrier les pouvoirs en culture</title>
		<link>http://ideefederale.ca/wp/?p=2280</link>
		<comments>http://ideefederale.ca/wp/?p=2280#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Jan 2013 16:45:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>administrateur</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Média]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nouvelles]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Aucun des candidats à la chefferie du Parti libéral du Québec (PLQ) n'entend demander à Ottawa le rapatriement des pouvoirs et budgets en matière de culture...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-2257" title="IF_23-01-201308" src="http://ideefederale.ca/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/IF_23-01-201308-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /><strong>Guillaume Bourgault-Côté</strong><br />
<strong>Le Devoir</strong><br />
Politique, 24 janvier 2013, p. A3</p>
<p>Aucun des candidats à la chefferie du Parti libéral du Québec (PLQ) n&#8217;entend demander à Ottawa le rapatriement des pouvoirs et budgets en matière de culture s&#8217;il est élu. Une position commune qui tranche avec les démarches menées par Christine St-Pierre et le gouvernement Charest auprès d&#8217;Ottawa depuis avril 2008.</p>
<p>Lors d&#8217;une conversation organisée mercredi par le groupe de réflexion L&#8217;Idée fédérale,Philippe Couillard, Pierre Moreau et Raymond Bachand ont tous affirmé que cette revendication culturelle n&#8217;était pas une bonne idée. MM. Couillard et Moreau ont ainsi adhéré à une opinion exprimée dimanche par M. Bachand, lors du deuxième débat des candidats.</p>
<p>Philippe Couillard estime que &nbsp;&raquo; les artistes préfèrent avoir deux paliers &nbsp;&raquo; qui octroient des fonds. Pierre Moreau a ajouté que &nbsp;&raquo; le milieu lui-même estime qu&#8217;il y a des avantages à cette dualité. Le rapatriement [des pouvoirs| ne nous rendrait pas nécessairement plus performants sur la scène culturelle ".</p>
<p>En marge de la discussion de mercredi, M. Bachand a indiqué au Devoir qu'il avait " parlé à Christine St-Pierre de ce dossier ". L'ancienne ministre de la Culture est l'une de ses supporteurs dans cette course. " A priori, c'est vrai que de demander de rapatrier des fonds fédéraux est séduisant, dit-il. Mais il y a deux bémols : on a plus que notre quote-part de fonds fédéraux actuellement, parce qu'on est plus créatifs. Faisons attention de ne pas avoir moins d'argent pour un principe. "</p>
<p>Il évoque ensuite cette notion que " deux jurys de pairs [pour accorder le financement], c&#8217;est parfois un atout. &nbsp;&raquo;</p>
<p>En avril 2008, Mme St-Pierre et l&#8217;ancien ministre des Affaires intergouvernementales canadiennes, Benoit Pelletier, avaient écrit à Ottawa pour réclamer que soient ouvertes des &nbsp;&raquo; discussions relatives à la conclusion d&#8217;une entente Canada-Québec &nbsp;&raquo; dans le secteur des communications et de la culture.</p>
<p>Depuis, le sujet revient sporadiquement à l&#8217;ordre du jour, même si Ottawa a fermé la porte à l&#8217;idée. En avril 2011, Pierre Moreau - alors ministre des Affaires intergouvernementales &#8211; avait indiqué lors d&#8217;une étude des crédits que des négociations étaient en cours à ce sujet, ce qui avait été démenti par le fédéral. Quoi qu&#8217;il en soit, le dossier n&#8217;a jamais abouti.</p>
<p>Fédéralisme</p>
<p>Chaque candidat a eu une trentaine de minutes pour répondre à différentes questions liées au fédéralisme et au rôle du Québec dans la fédération. Pour l&#8217;essentiel, ils ont réitéré des positions déjà exprimées dimanche dernier.</p>
<p>Philippe Couillard veut notamment &nbsp;&raquo; boucler la boucle de 1982 &nbsp;&raquo; et pense que le 150e anniversaire de la Confédération en 2017 peut ouvrir une &nbsp;&raquo; fenêtre &nbsp;&raquo; permettant la réouverture de ce débat.</p>
<p>Pierre Moreau ferait une &nbsp;&raquo; promotion du fédéralisme &nbsp;&raquo; plus musclée, refusant de mettre en &nbsp;&raquo; sourdine &nbsp;&raquo; son attachement à la fédération. M. Moreau a entre autres indiqué qu&#8217;il &nbsp;&raquo; faut viser à s&#8217;affranchir &nbsp;&raquo; de la péréquation, et que c&#8217;est par l&#8217;exploitation des ressources naturelles que le Québec va y arriver.</p>
<p>Raymond Bachand réplique que c&#8217;est là une &nbsp;&raquo; illusion &laquo;&nbsp;. &nbsp;&raquo; Il faudrait 14 milliards de plus en revenus de ressources naturelles pour s&#8217;affranchir &laquo;&nbsp;, a-t-il dit. M. Bachand s&#8217;est montré favorable à l&#8217;idée de créer un partenariat avec Terre-Neuve pour exploiter le gisement Old Harry.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong><em>© 2013 Le Devoir. Tous droits réservés.</em></strong></p>
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		<title>Liberals for breakfast: the men who would lead Quebec</title>
		<link>http://ideefederale.ca/wp/?p=2273</link>
		<comments>http://ideefederale.ca/wp/?p=2273#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Jan 2013 16:34:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>administrateur</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ang_nouvelles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Média]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Media]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[There are so many Liberal leadership races going on across the country that sometimes we miss a few. I woke up in an arctic Montreal this morning eager to check one of the larger contests off my list.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://ideefederale.ca/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/IF_23-01-201301.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-2256 alignleft" title="IF_23-01-201301" src="http://ideefederale.ca/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/IF_23-01-201301-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></a><strong>by Paul Wells</strong><br />
<strong> January 23, 2013</strong><br />
<a href="http://www2.macleans.ca/2013/01/23/liberals-for-breakfast-the-men-who-would-lead-quebec/" target="_blank">Macleans.ca</a></p>
<p>There are so many Liberal leadership races going on across the country that sometimes we miss a few. I woke up in an arctic Montreal this morning eager to check one of the larger contests off my list. The candidates to succeed Jean Charest as leader of the Quebec Liberal Party — the convention will be in Montreal on March 16-17 — were having a kind of sort of debate.</p>
<p>The venue was the Sheraton Centre hotel, where a group called Idée Fédérale wanted to gauge the candidates’ federalist credentials. Idée Fédérale is designed to be a place where Quebecers can talk about Canada in public, as though it were respectable; its most visible figures are La Presse editor André Pratte and international-relations scholar Jocelyn Coulon, who inaugurated a durable tradition when he became the first in a string of federal Liberals to lose to Tom Mulcair in Outremont in 2007.</p>
<p>This morning’s breakfast was resolutely low-key. Pratte sat in a plush chair and interrogated the three candidates, gently gently, in turn. They did not appear together except for a group photo. Let’s take them in the order they appeared.</p>
<p>I was excited when Philippe Couillard, the urbane former health minister who’s this race’s pretty clear front-runner, penned an op-ed in Le Devoir last month featuring some bracing pro-Canada rhetoric. It wasn’t entirely clear to me that this Captain Canada act would last, especially since Couillard’s article was edited after publication to add a mention of Claude Ryan, the party’s patron saint of constitutional ambivalence. But Couillard did answer Pratte’s questions this morning with a fair dose of unabashed pro-Canada rhetoric. He called federalism “a mode of government that the world envies us” and said “it’s there” — in the hearts of Quebecers, he meant — “the pride of belonging to a great country.”</p>
<p>A little dancing followed promptly. Couillard made haste to add the “Quebec ma patrie, Canada mon pays” line that Michael Ignatieff used to favour, and then got stuck in snow drifts three fight high as he tried to explain his constitutional policy. “This conversation” — about the Quebec legislature’s refusal to endorse the 1982 constitutional amendments — “isn’t over for us.” He did allow that “1982 was an important advance for Canada,” because it permitted a repatriated constitution and a Charter of Rights, which he did not depict as a corresponding setback for Quebec, but he said the events of 1982 constitute “un malentendu,” a misunderstanding between Quebec and the rest of the country. More broadly, he sees events since 1976 — the election of René Lévesque, the first referendum, the repatriation, Meech, Charlottetown — as “an immense cycle of history that hasn’t been closed.” It became easier to understand how Benoît Pelletier, Charest’s first-term intergovernmental-affairs minister and a relative constitutional hawk in the Claude Ryan mode, wound up on the list of Couillard’s supporters.</p>
<p>But neither does Couillard want to lurch immediately into formal constitutional negotiations if he becomes leader and the Liberals manage to take power back from Pauline Marois’s PQ. “Let’s not fall into the trap of an interminable list of demands, of a grocery list,” he said. He even had a kind word for Canada’s constitutional monarchy: “I find it rather romantic.”</p>
<p>Pierre Moreau was completely unknown to me. I see from his bio it’s because, although he was first elected in 2003, the lawyer lost his seat in the 2007 election and didn’t hold a cabinet post until he won it back in 2008 and became chief government whip. In 2011 he became intergovernmental-affairs minister, which is a bit of a Maytag Repairman role since Stephen Harper keeps his own intergovernmental-affairs ministers drugged and gagged in the broom closet. Finally, on his way to forced retirement, Charest made Moreau his transport minister. The guy was clearly on an upward trajectory, but he’s the least known man in the field.</p>
<p>I liked him immediately. He’s a journeyman, not given to rhetorical flights and apparently uninterested in combing his shock of black hair. But he seems strikingly at ease with himself, genuinely funny. He proclaimed himself, as he took his seat, someone who’s “always been federalist.” The contrast was with Raymond Bachand, whom we’ll get to. Moreau is positioning himself in this race as the unabashed federalist. A new round of constitutional talks? “It would take two to negotiate,” he pointed out. Having a list of demands is just trouble, he said: “it just becomes a tool for our adversaries.” “We shouldn’t make ourselves believe we’ll attract francophone votes by playing up nationalism,” he said. “We mustn’t be a copy of the PQ. When you offer people a copy they throw the copy out and keep the original.”</p>
<p>So Ottawa can roll right over this guy. Except not quite: he’s fixated on the Senate, “a fundamental element of balance in Canada,” and if any of Stephen Harper’s reform plans — here, Moreau was making the perhaps reckless assumption that Harper still has any reform plans — reduce Quebec’s weight in central decision-making, “it would be unacceptable.” Moreau said a court challenge should be an option if such a plan takes shape.</p>
<p>Moreau wants Quebec to develop its natural resources to the point where it can stop receiving equalization payments. But if that day ever comes, “we will have to keep in mind the spirit of federalism” and accept that other provinces will still be getting equalization payments.</p>
<p>Pratte asked about François Legault’s Coalition Avenir Québec. Is it a federalist party? “No, I don’t think the CAQ is federalist. I don’t think M. Legault is federalist. You don’t become federalist overnight.” How long does it take, Pratte wanted to know. “Ask M. Bachand.”</p>
<p>That’s Raymond Bachand, who was Charest’s finance minister before the fall but who started out as a Péquiste alongside René Lévesque and then as chief of staff to Pierre Marc Johnson. Then he left politics to get rich, returning only in 2005 as a surprise addition to the Charest Liberals. Pratte wasted no time: Hey, how do you go from Péquiste to Liberal leadership candidate?</p>
<p>Bachand’s answer had some edge to it. “There may be people who never ask themselves the question” of Quebec’s place in Canada, he said, glaring out at the table where Couillard and Moreau sat, “because they never push back against an injustice.”</p>
<p>Remember what Quebec was like in 1970, he said. He was told to “speak white” (an archaic anglo insult aimed at French speakers) in retail stores. Senior management positions were closed to francophones. “But look at the lightning progress we’ve made since then,” he said. “And it’s the same constitution, fundamentally, now as then.”</p>
<p>I’ve got a long history of mistrusting sovereignist converts to federalism because very often it’s hard to get a credible explanation for either stance out of them. This is the Nycole Turmel/ Jean Lapierre line: I couldn’t tell you why I seemed to be sovereignist. Life’s full of mystery! And as for now, well, folks change, am I right? Bachand manages to sound convincing about his past and his present. He took care to quote John Parisella, Robert Bourassa’s former chief of staff, who is not endorsing a candidate but who said Bachand represents the Liberals’ future because he can get voters who aren’t federalists yet. Bachand’s selling proposition is that he represents higher risk but also higher reward than the other candidates.</p>
<p>He sat with a cushion behind his butt because he’s clearly built to slouch and wanted to make sure that reflex didn’t win. He’s visibly the oldest candidate, rumpled and colloquial. I found myself thinking of Lévesque as I listened to him, as Moreau had reminded me of Charest and Couillard, I’m afraid, made me think of André Boisclair, the young former PQ leader who had a lot of qualities but didn’t inspire the comfort that closes the deal with voters.</p>
<p>Bachand consulted written notes as he argued that natural resource development won’t get Quebec out of equalization. “We’d need $14 billion a year. Alberta gets $12 billion. It’s an illusion.” That was a shot at Moreau. Then a shot at Couillard’s plan to put an end to a vast historical cycle. “Where do you want to put your energy? I don’t want to close a cycle, I want to build a future.”</p>
<p>In La Presse, after a league-sanctioned debate on Sunday, Vincent Marissal called this crop a bunch of weaklings because they don’t have a list of constitutional demands. The winner of this contest will spend the entirety of his tenure being called the same and worse by his adversaries. What these three have to their advantage, Moreau less than the other two, is an easy familiarity with the business of government. It gives them a confidence that you don’t find in the current federal Liberal leadership candidates, most of whom have no experience in the federal government.</p>
<p>I arrived thinking Couillard was the most, indeed probably the only, interesting candidate. I left with a lower opinion of him and a higher opinion of his opponents. And a sense of overriding strangeness: these three are comfortable with a more strongly federalist discourse than any Quebec Liberal leader in decades, yet none knows the rest of Canada well, and the rest of Canada knows them hardly at all.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Link to original article from <a href="http://www2.macleans.ca/2013/01/23/liberals-for-breakfast-the-men-who-would-lead-quebec/" target="_blank">Macleans.ca</a></p>
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		<title>Nouveau directeur scientifique de l&#8217;Idée fédérale</title>
		<link>http://ideefederale.ca/wp/?p=2271</link>
		<comments>http://ideefederale.ca/wp/?p=2271#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Jan 2013 16:25:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>administrateur</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Média]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[L'Idée fédérale est heureuse d'annoncer que le professeur André Lecours agit désormais à titre de directeur scientifique de l'organisation.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>L&#8217;Idée fédérale est heureuse d&#8217;annoncer que le professeur André Lecours agit désormais à titre de directeur scientifique de l&#8217;organisation. Spécialiste du nationalisme et du fédéralisme, notamment au Canada et en Europe, M. Lecours enseigne à l&#8217;École d&#8217;études politiques de l&#8217;Université d&#8217;Ottawa. </p>
<p>L&#8217;Idée fédérale est un groupe de réflexion qui commandite et publie des travaux de qualité sur le fédéralisme tel que pratiqué au Canada et ailleurs dans le monde. L&#8217;IF organise aussi des activités visant à stimuler la réflexion et les échanges sur le fédéralisme. </p>
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		<title>Bulletin : La redécouverte du marché canadien</title>
		<link>http://ideefederale.ca/wp/?p=2241</link>
		<comments>http://ideefederale.ca/wp/?p=2241#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Jan 2013 14:39:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>administrateur</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Bulletins]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nouvelles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Publications]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Sous la poussée des accords de libre-échange et de la mondialisation des marchés, les frontières ne seraient plus des obstacles aux échanges de biens et de services. ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><img class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-2239" title="IF-AF-2013-01-1" src="http://ideefederale.ca/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/IF-AF-2013-01-1-150x150.png" alt="" width="150" height="150" />Stéphane Dion et John McCallum</strong><br />
Les auteurs sont respectivement députés de Saint-Laurent-Cartierville et de Markham-Unionville.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Il est souvent dit que les frontières nationales cessent d’être un facteur économique important. Sous la poussée des accords de libre-échange et de la mondialisation des marchés, les frontières ne seraient plus des obstacles aux échanges de biens et de services. On l’affirme ou on le prédit : les frontières nationales n’entravent (ou n’entraveront) plus l’accès aux grands marchés.</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Cette théorie d’une économie sans frontières est particulièrement en vogue dans certains milieux indépendantistes québécois, qui en tirent deux affirmations : premièrement, que le marché intérieur canadien perd constamment de son importance pour le Québec; deuxièmement, que ce marché resterait tout aussi ouvert même si le Québec faisait sécession du Canada.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Cette thèse indépendantiste en conforte une autre, qui veut que le Canada, de construction est-ouest, soit un contresens économique puisque le flux normal de l’économie nord-américaine serait nord-sud. Dans cette perspective, le libre-échange avec les États-Unis devrait libérer une « irrésistible poussée nord-sud », le commerce s’alignant « <em>sur les tendances naturelles et les nécessités impérieuses de la géographie</em> ».</p>
<p><a href="http://ideefederale.ca/documents/IF_AF_2013-01.pdf" target="_blank">Cliquez ici</a> pour consulter le bulletin.</p>
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		<title>Newsletter: Rediscovering the Canadian Market</title>
		<link>http://ideefederale.ca/wp/?p=2238</link>
		<comments>http://ideefederale.ca/wp/?p=2238#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Jan 2013 14:34:21 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[It is often said that national borders are no longer a major economic factor and that, as a result of free trade agreements and market globalization, they do not represent a barrier to trade in goods and services. ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><img class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-2239" title="IF-AF-2013-01-1" src="http://ideefederale.ca/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/IF-AF-2013-01-1-150x150.png" alt="" width="150" height="150" />Stéphane Dion and John McCallum</strong><br />
The authors are respectively members of Parliament for Saint-Laurent-Cartierville and Markham-Unionville.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>It is often said that national borders are no longer a major economic factor and that, as a result of free trade agreements and market globalization, they do not represent a barrier to trade in goods and services. It is claimed or predicted that national borders do not, or will not, hinder access to major markets.</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This borderless economy theory is particularly fashionable in Quebec separatist circles, where two conclusions are drawn from it: first, that the Canadian domestic market is constantly declining in importance for Quebec, and, second, that this market would be just as open even if Quebec seceded from Canada.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This separatist argument is used to strengthen another: that Canada, an east-west construction, is an economic contradiction because the North American economy’s normal flow is north-south and free trade with the United States should consequently release an “irresistible north-south surge” as trade aligns “<em>with the natural tendencies and urgent necessity of geography</em>”.</p>
<p><a href="http://ideefederale.ca/documents/IF_AF_2013-01AN.pdf" target="_blank">Click here</a> to read the newsletter.</p>
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		<title>Le programme canadien de péréquation : fondements, réalisations et défis</title>
		<link>http://ideefederale.ca/wp/?p=2182</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Dec 2012 17:45:31 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Études]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Le programme canadien de péréquation vise à permettre aux gouvernements provinciaux d’offrir des services de qualité comparable tout en percevant des revenus de leurs citoyens qui exigent à peu près le même niveau d’effort.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><img class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-2183" title="Perequation" src="http://ideefederale.ca/wp/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Perequation-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" />Jean-Thomas Bernard</strong>,<br />
Professeur invité<br />
Département de science économique<br />
Université d’Ottawa</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Le programme canadien de péréquation vise à permettre aux gouvernements provinciaux d’offrir des services de qualité comparable tout en percevant des revenus de leurs citoyens qui exigent à peu près le même niveau d’effort. Dans la réalité, c’est la capacité fiscale, c’est-à-dire, la capacité des provinces à obtenir des revenus de certaines sources qui est partiellement égalisée; les provinces conservent leur entière liberté en matière de dépenses.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">La capacité fiscale est évaluée en appliquant le Régime Fiscal Représentatif qui est supposé refléter les pratiques fiscales communément adoptées par les provinces. Le gouvernement fédéral finance les transferts de péréquation à partir des impôts qu’il prélève; par conséquent tous les citoyens canadiens y participent, même ceux des provinces bénéficiaires. Le secteur des ressources naturelles est à l’origine de la plupart des difficultés rencontrées depuis l’instauration de ce programme en 1957. Les différences de dotations entre les provinces et la variabilité des prix des ressources naturelles en sont les causes premières.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Présentement l’économie canadienne est dans une phase au cours de laquelle le rôle des ressources naturelles s’est accru; ce sera source de tension dans l’application du programme de péréquation entre le fédéral et les provinces d’une part et entre les provinces elles-mêmes d’autre part. La création de fonds souverains de ressources naturelles par les provinces serait un mécanisme qui permettrait d’atténuer l’impact de la variabilité des prix des matières premières tout en respectant les prérogatives des provinces en tant que propriétaires des ressources naturelles sur leur territoire.</p>
<p><a style="color: #f26f43; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" href="http://ideefederale.ca/documents/Perequation.pdf" target="_blank">Cliquez ici</a> pour consulter l&#8217;étude.</p>
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		<title>The Canadian Equalization Program: Main Elements, Achievements and Challenges</title>
		<link>http://ideefederale.ca/wp/?p=2187</link>
		<comments>http://ideefederale.ca/wp/?p=2187#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Dec 2012 17:43:13 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[ang_études]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[The Canadian equalization program is intended to enable provincial governments to offer services of comparable quality while collecting revenues from their citizens that require approximately the same level of effort.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><img class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-2183" title="Perequation" src="http://ideefederale.ca/wp/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Perequation-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" />Jean-Thomas Bernard</strong>,<br />
Visiting Professor<br />
Department of Economics<br />
University of Ottawa</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Canadian equalization program is intended to enable provincial governments to offer services of comparable quality while collecting revenues from their citizens that require approximately the same level of effort. In reality, it is the fiscal capacity (the capacity of the provinces to obtain revenues from certain sources) that is partially equalized; the provinces keep complete freedom regarding expenses.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Fiscal capacity is evaluated by applying the Representative Tax System, which is supposed to reflect the fiscal practices commonly adopted by the provinces. The federal government finances the equalization transfers out of the taxes it collects; consequently all Canadian citizens participate in it, even those from the receiving provinces. The natural resources sector is at the origin of most of the difficulties encountered since the establishment of this program in 1957. The differences in the endowments of the provinces and the instability of natural resource prices are the main causes.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Canadian economy is in a phase in which the role of natural resources has increased; this will be a source of tension in the application of the equalization program, both between the federal government and the provinces and between the provinces themselves. The creation of sovereign natural resource funds by the provinces would be a mechanism to reduce the impact of raw material price instability while respecting the power of the provinces over natural resources on their territories.</p>
<p><a style="color: #f26f43; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" href="http://ideefederale.ca/documents/Equalization.pdf" target="_blank">Click here</a> to read the study.</p>
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		<title>Bulletin : Vers le référendum écossais</title>
		<link>http://ideefederale.ca/wp/?p=2153</link>
		<comments>http://ideefederale.ca/wp/?p=2153#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 07 Dec 2012 05:18:34 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[L’année 2014 promet d’être historique pour les Écossais qui seront appelés par leur gouvernement à voter lors d’un référendum sur le statut politique de leur communauté.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-2154" title="ecosse" src="http://ideefederale.ca/wp/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/ecosse-150x150.png" alt="" width="150" height="150" /><strong>André Lecours </strong>et<strong> Stephanie Kerr</strong><br />
Université d’Ottawa</p>
<p>L’année 2014 promet d’être historique pour les Écossais qui seront appelés par leur gouvernement à voter lors d’un référendum sur le statut politique de leur communauté. La tenue de ce référendum, une promesse du Scottish National Party (SNP), se veut une surprise si on considère le système électoral utilisé pour élire les députés du Parlement écossais. En effet, les Écossais ont choisi, lors de la renaissance de leur Parlement en 1999, de ne pas adopter le système majoritaire en usage pour les élections britanniques mais plutôt d’y aller avec un mode de scrutin mixte qui rendait probable la formation de gouvernements minoritaires ou de coalition. La première victoire du SNP en 2007, après 8 ans de gouverne travailliste, avait d’ailleurs mené à un gouvernement minoritaire. En 2011, à la surprise de tous, le SNP a gagné une majorité de sièges, ce qui lui a permis de former un gouvernement majoritaire qui relégua dans l’opposition les trois partis unionistes opérant en Écosse, soit les Travaillistes, les Libéraux- Démocrates et les Conservateurs.</p>
<p><a href="http://ideefederale.ca/documents/Dec_2012_fr.pdf" target="_blank">Cliquez ici</a> pour consulter le bulletin.</p>
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